Fanagalo

Chilapalapa, otherwise known as Fanagalo, was a simplistic form of Ngoni Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele, and related languages, amalgamated with snippets of English, Dutch, and Afrikaans.

Rainbow’s End Lauren St John 2007

Chilapalapa, otherwise known as Fanagalo, was a simplistic form of Ngoni Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele, and related languages, amalgamated with snippets of English, Dutch, and Afrikaans.

Rainbow’s End Lauren St John 2007

For years Fanakalo [or Fanagalo], a mixture of English, Afrikaans and Zulu, was the lingua franca of the mining industry in South Africa.

ANC Daily News Briefing 2008

Mainly we referred to Africans as Africans or “boys” or “girls” or munts, which had an ever-so-slightly disrespectful feel about it but was there in the Fanagalo phrase book in black and white, muntu, as meaning nothing more sinister than a person or a human being.

Rainbow’s End Lauren St John 2007

Mainly we referred to Africans as Africans or “boys” or “girls” or munts, which had an ever-so-slightly disrespectful feel about it but was there in the Fanagalo phrase book in black and white, muntu, as meaning nothing more sinister than a person or a human being.

Rainbow’s End Lauren St John 2007

I should have added: it's relatively common to hear Zulu/Fanagalo words spoken in informal South African English.

languagehat.com: WORDGUMBO. 2004

Fanagalo, the jargon used on the mines, he advised them to 'tchella lo baas wena meningi mali; picanniny sebenza', meaning 'demand more pay and less work'.

Class & Colour in South Africa 1850-1950 - Chapter 7 Ray Esther 1969

"After asking me all these questions they told me I was speaking in Fanagalo (a mixture of isiZulu, English and Afrikaans) and told me to get into the van," she said.

unknown title 2009

"After asking me all these questions they told me I was speaking in Fanagalo (a mixture of isiZulu, English and Afrikaans) and told me to get into the van," she said.

unknown title 2009

With the addition of Zulu, Sotho and Fanagalo voices, this percentage increases up to over 63\%.

Muti 2009