Ndamba

Though we cannot say with certainty in which direction the name for this spirit-type spread, it is worth noting that the zone it covers, from central Tanzania to the Ndamba of the Kilombero Mountains, is suggestive of a diffusion that occurred in recent times across this integrated cultural and commercial zone.

Societies, Religion, and History: Central East Tanzanians and the World They Created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE 2008

Outside of Ruvu, two neighboring Kaskazi societies, the Ndamba speakers of the Kilombero group, far inland from the Indian Ocean coast, and the Zigua speakers of the Seuta branch of Northeast-Coastal Bantu recognized it.

Societies, Religion, and History: Central East Tanzanians and the World They Created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE 2008