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Etymologies
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Examples
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Such a woman merited the term eshet hen (a woman of grace), while her counterpart, who failed to meet the male demand to limit herself to the kitchen, the bourgeois salon and the marriage bed, was labeled a “domineering whore.”
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In Hebrew she is termed eshet hayil (“woman of valor”) a term derived from Proverbs, where the woman thus designated also engages in economic activity which sustains the family.
Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Israel, 1948-2000. 2009
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In Judg 4: 4, Deborah is identified as eshet lappidot, which may mean “woman of [the town] Lappidoth,” “wife of [the man] Lappidoth,” or “woman of torches” (that is, “fiery woman”).
Deborah: Bible. 2009
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And the passage in Deut. 21 also deals with what to do if one sees an “eshet yefat toar” (a woman of beautiful appearance) whom one wants to take “l-ishsha” (for a wife).
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Since she was “eshet lapidot,” she became “a prophet.”
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The Rabbis derive “eshet lapidot” from the word lapid (torch) and this phrase would therefore refer to her vocation, which was preparing the wicks for the Tabernacle (BT Megillah 14a).
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The assertion, often heard today, that in the early modern period there was economic gender reversal and that the norm, or at least the ideal, became that every woman should be an eshet hayil who supports her family while her husband engages in Torah study, is incorrect.
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He calls Ruth a “worthy woman” (eshet hayil), the same phrase that Proverbs uses to depict the “capable wife” (Prov 31: 10).
Ruth: Bible. 2009
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Jud. 4: 4 states that “Deborah, wife of Lappidoth [eshet lapidot], was a prophetess.”
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Mobius · April 8th, 2007 at 6:00 am last shabbos, which was like two days ago i was looking at the songy-dealy eshet chail and it reminded me of this, and totaly brought my mood down. text is here in PDF:
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