mukulu

Angelina Mundlovu, for instance, who was born and married in Facazisse, had two ka mukulu fields from her mother-in-law and one field on Ramalho's property, about which she said "we were given it by the government" "we" in this case referring to her n'wingi and the wives of her husband's brothers.

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

Impressed by the missionaries 'system, the regulado's traditional authorities adopted a similar method for parcelling out fields on the reserve (known as ka mukulu, "the chief's place") in order to compensate non-Christians who had lost land to Escudeiro and to provide fields for later newcomers to Facazisse.

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

It must be from the potters at ka mukulu [the chief's place] 117. ...

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

Interviewees recalled the chief's parcelling out of ka mukulu fields in much the same terms.

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

Note 117: Ka mukulu, in its general sense as a ganga place-name, could refer to women who actually live in the chief's muti, or simply to women who live in the vicinity of the chief, within his ganga.

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

Although Elena surely had many occasions to see ka mukulu pottery during her lifetime, when we asked how these potters decorated their wares, she answered coolly:

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

You say, It's not our place, because they make pots over there in ka mukulu, over there.

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

Well, the ndawu tells you thatthere's an ndawu, there are those of the valley, and those of ka mukulu.

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

Most chieftaincies that I visited consisted of from three to five miganga, always including ka mukulu, "the chief's place."

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005

Evoking the spirit of women's land traditions and the principle that everyone in the tiko should have as much land as she needed to "eat," these women begged, borrowed, and claimed fields in Facazisse from lineage relatives, neighbors, friends, co-workers, fellow Christiansanyone with surplus land whom they could claim as "kin" in some wayor they simply opened fields in unoccupied corners of ka mukulu.

Where Women Make History: Gendered Tellings of Community and Change in Magude, Mozambique 2005