mutations

The mutations built up over time before being emphasized in breeding, certainly, but as usual it's a little more complicated than Dawkins likes to pretend, though he does note that it's a two-step argument -- that the mutation rate of surviving mutations is high enough and that selection is fast enough to bring them out.

The Wonder That Is Dog, Bryan Caplan | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty 2009

And it also gave us an idea of why certain mutations would cause resistance and how you might design better antibiotics.

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan - Interview 2009

No one claims that multiple specific simultaneous point mutations is a typical evolutionary pathway.

Behe's Test, Take 2 2008

No one claims that multiple specific simultaneous point mutations is a typical evolutionary pathway.

Behe's Test, Take 2 2008

Three or four simultaneous amino acid mutations is like skipping two or three steps on an evolutionary staircase.

Behe's Two-Binding-Sites Rule 2008

Although finding the right neutral changes would itself be an improbable step, we'll again err on the conservative side and discount the average number of neutral mutations from the average number of total necessary changes.

Behe's Two-Binding-Sites Rule 2008

Unlike current vaccines, the nasal spray is also seen as effective in mutations of the H5N1 virus — meaning it could protect against a potential global pandemic.

No pain as Japan develops nasal spray bird flu vaccine « Isegoria 2008

Biologists would not accept that anything beyond 2 simultaneous mutations is so improbable as to be impossible, there is a paper somewhere that estimates that in the global bacteria population, multiple simultaneous mutation combinations are happening regularly.

Behe's Two-Binding-Sites Rule 2008

If we used the measured mutation rate in Plasmodium of 2.5E-9 (no different from that in humans), the probability of two simultaneous mutations is 6.3E-18, almost 1000-fold more likely than Behe's 10E-20.

Behe Responds 2007

Just as in mutations affecting an organism, most changes in social and political institutions are bad.

September « 2007 « L.E. Modesitt, Jr. – The Official Website 2007