space biology

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun The scientific study of how conditions during space flight and in the extraterrestrial environment, especially in reduced gravity, affect living organisms.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun biology Any of various biological sciences that deal with living things in a space environment

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

• noun the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life