deduction

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun The act of deducting; subtraction.
• noun An amount that is or may be deducted.
• noun The drawing of a conclusion by reasoning; the act of deducing.
• noun The process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises; inference by reasoning from the general to the specific.
• noun A conclusion reached by this process.

from The Century Dictionary.

• noun A drawing or tracing out and setting forth.
• noun The act of deriving; derivation.
• noun In logic, derivation as a result from a known principle; necessary inference; also, the result itself, as so concluded.
• noun The act of deducting or taking away; subtraction; abatement: as, the deduction of the subtrahend from the minuend; prompt payment will insure a large deduction.
• noun A payment; a statement of payments.

from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English.

• noun Act or process of deducing or inferring.
• noun Act of deducting or taking away; subtraction.
• noun That which is deduced or drawn from premises by a process of reasoning; an inference; a conclusion.
• noun That which is or may be deducted; the part taken away; abatement.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed
• noun A sum that can be removed from tax calculations; something that is written off
• noun A conclusion; that which is deduced, concluded or figured out
• noun The ability or skill to deduce or figure out; the power of reason
• noun logic A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.
• noun A conclusion reached by this process

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

• noun a reduction in the gross amount on which a tax is calculated; reduces taxes by the percentage fixed for the taxpayer's income bracket
• noun the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole)
• noun an amount or percentage deducted
• noun something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied)
• noun reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)
• noun the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise