kham

The imaginary, invisible kham rupee book money required a parallel intangible system of weights and measures.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

The distinction between kham and pukhta rupees was also evident during the first British occupation of Kabul when Trevor reorganized the Durrani state fiscal registers in Kabul (see Chapter 3).

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

A document generated by the second British occupation of Kabul and eastern Afghanistan refers to the kham rupee as "merely one of account; it bears no tangible existence."

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

In the kham scheme of computation 10 dinars equaled 1 paisa, 5 paisas equaled 1 shahi, 10 shahis equaled 1 rupee, 20 rupees equaled 1 toman.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

The rupees used his computations were Kabul kham rupees.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

However, archival and published sources indicate the form of book money used in the Afghan state account books was known as the Kabuli kham or raw rupee.

Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier 2008

In all tenet systems, the doctrinally based forms associated with minds on the three planes of samsaric existence (kham-gsum, three realms), and their tendencies.

The Five Pathway Minds (Five Paths): Advanced Presentation 2006

Bai-kham-pa then came to be known as Ar-dho (Adam).

The Kalachakra Presentation of the Prophets of the Non-Indic Invaders (Full Analysis) 2006

They were discovered by Bai-kham-pa (?), who then studied their meaning with Mamathar and became a sage of the mlecchas.

The Kalachakra Presentation of the Prophets of the Non-Indic Invaders (Full Analysis) 2006

In all Mahayana tenet systems, the doctrinally based forms associated with minds on the three planes of samsaric existence (kham-gsum, three realms), and their tendencies.

The Five Pathway Minds (Five Paths): Advanced Presentation 2006