weather

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure.
• noun Adverse or destructive atmospheric conditions, such as high winds or heavy rain.
• noun The unpleasant or destructive effects of such atmospheric conditions.
• noun Changes of fortune.
• intransitive verb To expose to the action of the elements, as for drying, seasoning, or coloring.
• intransitive verb To discolor, disintegrate, wear, or otherwise affect adversely by exposure.
• intransitive verb To come through (something) safely; survive.
• intransitive verb To slope (a roof, for example) so as to shed water.
• intransitive verb Nautical To pass to the windward of despite bad weather.
• intransitive verb To show the effects, such as discoloration, of exposure to the elements.
• intransitive verb To withstand the effects of weather.
• adjective Nautical Of or relating to the windward side of a ship; windward.
• adjective Relating to or used in weather forecasting.
• idiom (make heavy weather of) To exaggerate the difficulty of something to be done.
• idiom (under the weather) Somewhat indisposed; slightly ill.
• idiom (under the weather) Intoxicated; drunk.
• idiom (under the weather) Suffering from a hangover.

from The Century Dictionary.

• To air; expose to the air; dry or otherwise affect by exposure to the open air.
• To affect injuriously by the action of weather; in geology, to discolor or disintegrate: as, the atmospheric agencies that weather rocks.
• In tile manufacturing, to expose (the clay) to a hot sun or to frost, in order to open the pores and separate the particles, that it may readily absorb water and be easily worked.
• To slope (a surface), that it may shed water.
• Nautical:
• To sail to windward of: as, to weather a point or cape.
• To bear up against and come safely through: said of a ship in a storm, as also of a mariner; hence, used in the same sense with reference to storms on land.
• Figuratively, to bear up against and overcome, as trouble or danger; come out of, as a trial, without permanent damage or loss.
• To suffer a change, such as discoloration or more or less complete disintegration, in consequence of exposure to the weather or atmosphere. See weathering, 2.
• To resist or bear exposure to the weather.
• noun Wind; storm; tempest.
• noun Cold and wet.
• noun A light rain; a shower.
• noun The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to its cloudiness, humidity, motions, pressure, temperature, electrical condition, or any other meteorological phenomena; the atmospheric conditions prevailing at any moment over any region of the earth: as, warm or cold weather; wet or dry weather; calm or stormy weather; fair or foul weather; cloudy or hazy weather.
• noun Specifically, in weather-maps and -reports, the condition of the sky as to cloudiness and the occurrence of precipitation.
• noun Change of the state of the atmosphere; meteorological change; hence, figuratively, vicissitude; change of fortune or condition.
• noun The inclination or obliquity of the sails of a windmill to the plane of revolution.
• noun An enervating atmosphere.
• Nautical, toward the wind; windward: opposed to lee: as, weather bow; weather beam; weather rigging

from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English.

• transitive verb To expose to the air; to air; to season by exposure to air.
• transitive verb Hence, to sustain the trying effect of; to bear up against and overcome; to sustain; to endure; to resist.
• transitive verb (Naut.) To sail or pass to the windward of.
• transitive verb (Falconry) To place (a hawk) unhooded in the open air.
• transitive verb (Naut.) Hence, to gain or accomplish anything against opposition.
• transitive verb to encounter successfully, though with difficulty.
• adjective (Naut.) Being toward the wind, or windward -- opposed to lee.
• adjective (Naut.) Fig.: A position of advantage or superiority; advantage in position.
• adjective (Naut.) a tendency on the part of a sailing vessel to come up into the wind, rendering it necessary to put the helm up, that is, toward the weather side.
• adjective (Naut.) the shore to the windward of a ship.
• adjective (Naut.) the tide which sets against the lee side of a ship, impelling her to the windward.