bluestocking

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun A woman with strong scholarly or literary interests.

from The Century Dictionary.

• Wearing blue stockings; specifically, wearing blue or gray worsted stockings, as opposed to those of black silk worn in court or ceremonial dress; hence, not in full dress; in plain dress.
• Applied to assemblies held in London about 1750 at the houses of Mrs. Montague and other ladies, in which literary conversation and other intellectual enjoyments were substituted for cards and gossip, and which were characterized by a studied plainness of dress on the part of some of the guests. Among these was Mr. Benjamin Stillingfleet, who always wore blue stockings, and in reference to whom, especially, the coterie was called in derision the “Blue-stocking Society” or the “Blue-stocking Club,” and the members, especially the ladies, “blue-stockingers,” “blue-stocking ladies,” and later simply “blue-stockings” or “blues.”
• noun A member of the “Blue-stocking Club,” especially a woman (see above); by extension, any woman with a taste for learning or literature; a literary woman: originally used in derision or contempt, and implying a neglect on the part of such women of their domestic duties or a departure from their “proper sphere”; now hardly used except historically or humorously.
• noun A name of the American avoset, Recurvirostra americana. See avoset.

from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English.

• noun colloq. A literary lady; a female pedant.
• noun (Zoöl.) The American avocet (Recurvirostra Americana).

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun A scholarly, literary, or cultured woman.

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

• noun a woman having literary or intellectual interests